Refactoring file structure, not tested yet

This commit is contained in:
2026-03-03 11:05:19 +02:00
parent b5ed0d678a
commit 7eede1f99b
14 changed files with 500 additions and 121 deletions
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@@ -1 +1,3 @@
DEBUG=True
DATABASE_URL=postgresql+psycopg2://user:password@localhost:5432/url_db
BASE_URL=http://localhost:8000
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@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ http://127.0.0.1:8000/shorten
PYTHONPATH=./ pytest
export PYTHONPATH=$(pwd)
pytest
```
```
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# app/api/routes.py
from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from app.db.session import get_db
from app.schemas.url import (
URLCreate,
URLResponse,
URLStatsResponse,
MessageResponse,
)
from app.services import url_service
router = APIRouter()
@router.get("/", response_model=MessageResponse)
def home():
return {"message": "URL Shortener API"}
@router.post("/shorten", response_model=URLResponse)
def shorten_url(
request: URLCreate,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
):
short_url = url_service.create_short_url(db, str(request.url))
return {"short_url": short_url}
@router.get("/{short_code}")
def redirect_to_url(
short_code: str,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
):
original_url = url_service.get_original_url(db, short_code)
if not original_url:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
detail="Shortened URL not found",
)
url_service.increment_clicks(db, short_code)
return RedirectResponse(url=original_url)
@router.get("/stats/{short_code}", response_model=URLStatsResponse)
def get_url_stats(
short_code: str,
db: Session = Depends(get_db),
):
stats = url_service.get_stats(db, short_code)
if not stats:
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
detail="URL stats not found",
)
return stats
@router.get("/health", response_model=MessageResponse)
def health_check():
return {"message": "healthy"}
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# app/core/config.py
from functools import lru_cache
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict
class Settings(BaseSettings):
# App
app_name: str = "URL Shortener API"
debug: bool = False
# Server
host: str = "0.0.0.0"
port: int = 8000
base_url: str = "http://localhost:8000"
# Database
database_url: str = "sqlite:///./urls.db"
# Optional future extensions
allowed_hosts: list[str] = ["*"]
rate_limit_per_minute: int = 60
model_config = SettingsConfigDict(
env_file=".env",
env_file_encoding="utf-8",
case_sensitive=False,
extra="ignore",
)
@lru_cache
def get_settings() -> Settings:
return Settings()
# Singleton-style access
settings = get_settings()
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# app/db/base.py
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
pass
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# app/db/models.py
from sqlalchemy import String, Integer, DateTime, func, Index
from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
from datetime import datetime
from app.db.base import Base
class URL(Base):
__tablename__ = "urls"
id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
Integer,
primary_key=True,
index=True
)
short_code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
String(10),
unique=True,
nullable=False,
index=True
)
original_url: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
String(2048),
nullable=False,
index=True
)
clicks: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
Integer,
default=0,
nullable=False
)
created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
DateTime(timezone=True),
server_default=func.now(),
nullable=False
)
last_accessed: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(
DateTime(timezone=True),
nullable=True
)
# Additional compound index for faster lookups
__table_args__ = (
Index("idx_short_original", "short_code", "original_url"),
)
def __repr__(self) -> str:
return (
f"<URL(id={self.id}, short_code='{self.short_code}', "
f"original_url='{self.original_url}', clicks={self.clicks})>"
)
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# app/db/session.py
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from app.core.config import settings
# Create SQLAlchemy engine
engine = create_engine(
settings.database_url,
pool_pre_ping=True, # helps prevent stale connections
)
# Session factory
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(
autocommit=False,
autoflush=False,
bind=engine,
)
# Dependency for FastAPI
def get_db():
db = SessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()
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@@ -1,124 +1,28 @@
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from fastapi.responses import RedirectResponse
# app/main.py
from fastapi import FastAPI
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from app.utils import generate_short_code
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
import sqlite3
import logging
from app.core.config import settings
from app.db.session import engine
from app.db.base import Base
from app.api.routes import router
class AppSettings(BaseSettings):
base_url: str = "http://localhost:8000"
database_url: str = "urls.db"
settings = AppSettings() # Load environment variables
# Set up logging configuration
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Database connection setup
@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
conn = sqlite3.connect(settings.database_url)
conn.execute("""
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS urls (
id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
short_code TEXT UNIQUE,
original_url TEXT NOT NULL,
clicks INTEGER DEFAULT 0
);
""")
conn.execute("""
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_short_code ON urls(short_code);
""")
conn.commit()
logger.info("Database initialized or already exists.")
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
yield
conn.close()
logger.info("Database connection closed.")
app = FastAPI(lifespan=lifespan)
def get_db_connection():
return sqlite3.connect(settings.database_url, check_same_thread=False)
class URLRequest(BaseModel):
url: HttpUrl
@app.get("/")
def home():
logger.info("Home endpoint accessed.")
return {"message": "URL Shortener API"}
@app.post("/shorten")
def shorten_url(request: URLRequest):
conn = get_db_connection()
existing = conn.execute(
"SELECT short_code FROM urls WHERE original_url = ?",
(str(request.url),)
).fetchone()
if existing:
conn.close()
return {"short_url": f"{settings.base_url}/{existing[0]}"}
short_code = generate_short_code()
while conn.execute(
"SELECT 1 FROM urls WHERE short_code = ?",
(short_code,)
).fetchone():
short_code = generate_short_code()
conn.execute(
"INSERT INTO urls (short_code, original_url, clicks) VALUES (?, ?, 0)",
(short_code, str(request.url))
def create_app() -> FastAPI:
app = FastAPI(
title=settings.app_name,
debug=settings.debug,
)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
return {"short_url": f"{settings.base_url}/{short_code}"}
app.include_router(router)
@app.get("/{short_code}")
def redirect_to_url(short_code: str):
conn = get_db_connection()
url_data = conn.execute(
"SELECT original_url FROM urls WHERE short_code = ?",
(short_code,)
).fetchone()
return app
if url_data is None:
conn.close()
raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Shortened URL not found")
original_url = url_data[0]
conn.execute(
"UPDATE urls SET clicks = clicks + 1 WHERE short_code = ?",
(short_code,)
)
conn.commit()
conn.close()
return RedirectResponse(url=original_url)
@app.get("/stats/{short_code}")
def get_url_stats(short_code: str):
logger.info(f"Stats request received for short_code: {short_code}")
conn = get_db_connection()
url_data = conn.execute("SELECT original_url, clicks FROM urls WHERE short_code = ?", (short_code,)).fetchone()
if url_data is None:
logger.warning(f"Stats not found for {short_code}.")
conn.close()
raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="URL stats not found")
original_url, clicks = url_data
conn.close()
logger.info(f"Returning stats for {original_url}. Total clicks: {clicks}")
return {"original_url": original_url, "clicks": clicks}
app = create_app()
app.router.lifespan_context = lifespan
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# app/schemas/url.py
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional
class URLCreate(BaseModel):
url: HttpUrl
class URLResponse(BaseModel):
short_url: str
class URLStatsResponse(BaseModel):
original_url: HttpUrl
clicks: int
created_at: datetime
last_accessed: Optional[datetime] = None
class MessageResponse(BaseModel):
message: str
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# app/services/url_service.py
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from sqlalchemy import select
from datetime import datetime
from typing import Optional
from app.db.models import URL
from app.utils.short_code import generate_short_code
from app.core.config import settings
SHORT_CODE_LENGTH = 6
MAX_GENERATION_ATTEMPTS = 5
def create_short_url(db: Session, original_url: str) -> str:
"""
Create a shortened URL or return existing one if already present.
"""
# 1️⃣ Check if URL already exists
existing = db.execute(
select(URL).where(URL.original_url == original_url)
).scalar_one_or_none()
if existing:
return f"{settings.base_url}/{existing.short_code}"
# 2️⃣ Generate unique short code with collision handling
for _ in range(MAX_GENERATION_ATTEMPTS):
short_code = generate_short_code(SHORT_CODE_LENGTH)
collision = db.execute(
select(URL).where(URL.short_code == short_code)
).scalar_one_or_none()
if not collision:
new_url = URL(
short_code=short_code,
original_url=original_url,
)
db.add(new_url)
db.commit()
db.refresh(new_url)
return f"{settings.base_url}/{new_url.short_code}"
# If we somehow fail multiple times
raise RuntimeError("Failed to generate unique short code")
def get_original_url(db: Session, short_code: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""
Retrieve original URL for redirection.
"""
url_entry = db.execute(
select(URL).where(URL.short_code == short_code)
).scalar_one_or_none()
if not url_entry:
return None
return url_entry.original_url
def increment_clicks(db: Session, short_code: str) -> bool:
"""
Increment click counter and update last_accessed timestamp.
"""
url_entry = db.execute(
select(URL).where(URL.short_code == short_code)
).scalar_one_or_none()
if not url_entry:
return False
url_entry.clicks += 1
url_entry.last_accessed = datetime.utcnow()
db.commit()
return True
def get_stats(db: Session, short_code: str) -> Optional[dict]:
"""
Return URL statistics.
"""
url_entry = db.execute(
select(URL).where(URL.short_code == short_code)
).scalar_one_or_none()
if not url_entry:
return None
return {
"original_url": url_entry.original_url,
"clicks": url_entry.clicks,
"created_at": url_entry.created_at,
"last_accessed": url_entry.last_accessed,
}
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@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
# app/settings.py
import os
# Example configuration
database_url = os.getenv("DATABASE_URL", "sqlite:///default.db")
debug = os.getenv("DEBUG", "True") == "True"
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# tests/conftest.py
import pytest
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from app.main import app
from app.db.base import Base
from app.db.session import get_db
# Use in-memory SQLite for tests
TEST_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite+pysqlite:///:memory:"
@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def db_session():
"""
Creates a new database session for a test.
Rolls back everything after test finishes.
"""
engine = create_engine(
TEST_DATABASE_URL,
connect_args={"check_same_thread": False},
)
TestingSessionLocal = sessionmaker(
autocommit=False,
autoflush=False,
bind=engine,
)
# Create tables
Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
db = TestingSessionLocal()
try:
yield db
finally:
db.close()
Base.metadata.drop_all(bind=engine)
@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
def client(db_session):
"""
Overrides get_db dependency to use test database.
"""
def override_get_db():
try:
yield db_session
finally:
pass
app.dependency_overrides[get_db] = override_get_db
with TestClient(app) as c:
yield c
app.dependency_overrides.clear()
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# tests/test_routes.py
import pytest
def test_home(client):
response = client.get("/")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"message": "URL Shortener API"}
def test_health(client):
response = client.get("/health")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json() == {"message": "healthy"}
def test_shorten_url(client):
response = client.post(
"/shorten",
json={"url": "https://google.com"},
)
assert response.status_code == 200
data = response.json()
assert "short_url" in data
assert data["short_url"].startswith("http://")
def test_shorten_invalid_url(client):
response = client.post(
"/shorten",
json={"url": "not-a-valid-url"},
)
assert response.status_code == 422 # Pydantic validation error
def test_duplicate_url_returns_same_code(client):
r1 = client.post("/shorten", json={"url": "https://example.com"})
r2 = client.post("/shorten", json={"url": "https://example.com"})
assert r1.status_code == 200
assert r2.status_code == 200
assert r1.json()["short_url"] == r2.json()["short_url"]
def test_redirect_success(client):
shorten = client.post(
"/shorten",
json={"url": "https://redirect-test.com"},
)
short_url = shorten.json()["short_url"]
code = short_url.split("/")[-1]
response = client.get(f"/{code}", follow_redirects=False)
assert response.status_code in (302, 307)
def test_redirect_404(client):
response = client.get("/nonexistent", follow_redirects=False)
assert response.status_code == 404
def test_stats_success(client):
shorten = client.post(
"/shorten",
json={"url": "https://stats-test.com"},
)
short_url = shorten.json()["short_url"]
code = short_url.split("/")[-1]
# Trigger one click
client.get(f"/{code}", follow_redirects=False)
stats = client.get(f"/stats/{code}")
assert stats.status_code == 200
data = stats.json()
assert data["original_url"] == "https://stats-test.com"
assert data["clicks"] == 1
assert "created_at" in data
def test_stats_404(client):
response = client.get("/stats/doesnotexist")
assert response.status_code == 404
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